Ten ESSENTIAL UNIX Commands Command Example Description 1. ls ls ls -alF Lists files in curr...
Ten ESSENTIAL UNIX Commands
| Command | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. ls | ls ls -alF | Lists files in current directory List in long format |
| 2.
cd | cd tempdir
cd .. cd ~dhyatt/web-docs | Change directory to tempdir
Move back one directory Move into dhyatt's web-docs directory |
| 3.
mkdir | mkdir graphics | Make a directory called graphics |
| 4.
rmdir | rmdir emptydir | Remove directory (must be empty) |
| 5.
cp | cp file1 web-docs cp file1 file1.bak | Copy file into directory Make backup of file1 |
| 6.
rm | rm file1.bak rm *.tmp | Remove or delete file Remove all file |
| 7.
mv | mv old.html new.html | Move or rename files |
| 8.
more | more index.html | Look at file, one page at a time |
| 9.
lpr | lpr index.html | Send file to printer |
| 10.
man | man ls | Online manual (help) about command |
Ten VALUABLE UNIX Commands
| Command | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. grep <str><files> | grep "bad word" * | Find which files contain a certain word |
| 2. chmod <opt> <file> | chmod 644 *.html chmod 755 file.exe | Change file permissions read only Change file permissions to executable |
| 3. passwd | passwd | Change passwd |
| 4. ps <opt> | ps aux ps aux | grep dhyatt | List all running processes by #ID List process #ID's running by dhyatt |
| 5. kill <opt> <ID> | kill -9 8453 | Kill process with ID #8453 |
| 6. gcc (g++) <source> | gcc file.c -o file g++ fil2.cpp -o fil2 | Compile a program written in C Compile a program written in C++ |
| 7. gzip <file> | gzip bigfile gunzip bigfile.gz | Compress file Uncompress file |
| 8.
mail (pine) | mail me@tjhsst.edu < file1 pine | Send file1 by email to someone Read mail using pine |
| 9.
telnet <host> ssh <host> | telnet vortex.tjhsst.edu ssh -l dhyatt jazz.tjhsst.edu | Open a connection to vortex Open a secure connection to jazz as user dhyatt |
| 10.
ftp <host> ncftp <host/directory> | ftp station1.tjhsst.edu ncftp metalab.unc.edu | Upload or Download files to station1
Connect to archives at UNC |
Ten FUN UNIX Commands
| Command | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. who | who | Lists who is logged on your machine |
| 2. finger | finger | Lists who is on computers in the lab |
| 3. ytalk <user@place> | ytalk dhyatt@threat | Talk online with dhyatt who is on threat |
| 4. history | history | Lists commands you've done recently |
| 5. fortune | fortune | Print random humerous message |
| 6. date | date | Print out current date |
| 7. cal <mo> <yr> | cal 9 2000 | Print calendar for September 2000 |
| 8. xeyes | xeyes & | Keep track of cursor (in "background") |
| 9. xcalc | xcalc & | Calculator ("background" process) |
| 10. mpage <opt> <file> | mpage -8 file1 | lpr | Print 8 pages on a single sheet and send to printer (the font will be small!) |
Ten HELPFUL UNIX Commands
| Command | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. netscape | netscape & | Run Netscape browser |
| 2. xv | xv & | Run graphics file converter |
| 3. xfig / xpaint | xfig & (xpaint &) | Run drawing program |
| 4. gimp | gimp & | Run photoshop type program |
| 5. ispell <fname> | ispell file1 | Spell check file1 |
| 6. latex <fname> | latex file.tex | Run LaTeX, a scientific document tool |
| 7. xemacs / pico | xemacs (or pico) | Different editors |
| 8. soffice | soffice & | Run StarOffice, a full word processor |
| 9.
m-tools (mdir, mcopy, mdel, mformat, etc. ) | mdir a: mcopy file1 a: | DOS commands from UNIX (dir A:) Copy file1 to A: |
| 10. gnuplot | gnuplot | Plot data graphically |
Ten USEFUL UNIX Commands:
| Command | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1. df | df | See how much free disk space |
| 2. du | du -b subdir | Estimate disk usage of directory in Bytes |
| 3. alias | alias lls="ls -alF" | Create new command "lls" for long format of ls |
| 4. xhost | xhost + threat.tjhsst.edu xhost - | Permit window to display from x-window program from threat Allow no x-window access from other systems |
| 5. fold | fold -s file1 | lpr | Fold or break long lines at 60 characters and send to printer |
| 6. tar | tar -cf subdir.tar subdir tar -xvf subdir.tar | Create an archive called subdir.tar of a directory Extract files from an archive file |
| 7. ghostview (gv) | gv filename.ps | View a Postscript file |
| 8.
ping (traceroute) | ping threat.tjhsst.edu traceroute www.yahoo.com | See if machine is alive Print data path to a machine |
| 9. top | top | Print system usage and top resource hogs |
| 10. logout (exit) | logout or exit | How to quit a UNIX shell. |
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